Preheat the oven to 375°F/190°C and line an 8-inch square pan with parchment paper. You can also use a 9-inch pan, just shorten the bake time by 5 minutes. Set aside.
In a large bowl, whisk together 2 cups all purpose flour, 1/2 cup granulated sugar, 1/4 cup packed light brown sugar, 2 tsp baking powder, and 1/2 tsp fine salt.
This recipe uses the reverse crumb method to give it a really tender crumb, so we mix the butter right into the dry ingredients. Add 1/2 cup or 1 stick of unsalted butter into the dry ingredients and beat on medium-low speed with a hand mixer or stand mixer until fully combined. The mixture should look like moist sand.
Then add 1/2 cup of buttermilk, 2 large eggs, 2 Tbsp vegetable or canola oil, 1 tsp vanilla, and 2 tsp lemon zest (zest of 1 of a small lemon) into the mixture.
Mix on a medium speed until the ingredients are fully combined. Scrape the sides and bottom of the bowl as needed to make sure everything is properly combined. The batter should be pretty thick.
Fold 2 1/2 cups of fresh or frozen (but not defrosted) berries into the batter until they're evenly distributed. If you use frozen berries, stir as little as possible to prevent coloring the coffee cake batter blue-ish gray.
Pour the batter into the prepared pan and spread into an even layer. Remove the streusel from the fridge and sprinkle it evenly over the batter. Bake on the middle rack of your oven for 50-60 minutes (add 5-10 minutes if you use frozen blueberries), or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out with a few moist crumbs.
Let the cake cool in the pan on a rack for about 30 minutes, then slice and serve straight from the pan.